Andrew A. Bennett
Emily D. Campion
Sheila K. Keener
By Andrew A. Bennett, Emily D. Campion, Kathleen R. Keeler and Sheila K. Keener
Let's face it - remote work is . There are lots of positives for both employees and organizations, but remote work can also be challenging. Many people observed while working and learning from home during the COVID-19 pandemic that videoconferences just feel more fatiguing than a face-to-face meeting. We felt this in our own lives when we switched to multiple video-based meetings and teaching on Zoom in March 2020, and it seemed to us that videoconferences were much more exhausting than phone meetings. We wondered: Were we more tired because we were watching others more than we would in a face-to-face environment? Maybe we were watching ourselves and we were tired because we were consistently aware of our own movements? Perhaps working from home meant we were more distracted with other tasks at the same time, so trying (and failing) to multitask was to blame? Or maybe the videoconferences took longer than other meetings or there were just too many videoconference meetings each day?
There have been several good ideas already about how to combat Zoom Fatigue, such as turning off your camera, shortening the videoconference duration, and turning off your microphone or video. We put these ideas whereby we tracked workers after every videoconference they had for one week.
A few findings surprised us. We expected that turning off your camera or refraining from looking at yourself (i.e., turning off the self-view option) would help people feel less fatigued because watching your every move can be tiring. But video-based strategies did not seem to change how tired someone was after the meeting. Another interesting finding: Meeting duration was not related to fatigue after the meeting. The idea that a 60-minute videoconference would be more fatiguing than a 15-minute videoconference did not hold up empirically in our sample. One last surprise: We did not find that the number of meetings per day was related to fatigue at the end of the day.
Here are three things we discovered that did work to minimize videoconference fatigue:
1. Pick the right time.
Our study consisted of individuals working a "typical" 9-to-5 job from home. We found that energy levels increased throughout the morning and then began to decline. By the end of the day, people were much more tired. (That didn't surprise you, did it?) Even after accounting for each person's daily energy trajectory, videoconference meetings that were held later in the day were more often fatiguing. Surprisingly, people reported being less fatigued after videoconference meetings in the early afternoon (right after lunch). Our suggestion: Hold videoconference meetings earlier in the day if possible.
2. Feel like you belong.
A core motivator of human behavior is the need for belonging and being a part of a community. Being in isolation due to the pandemic has brought this truth to light for many people, and it is no different during videoconferences, according to our research. In fact, this finding was the strongest in our study: Individuals experienced less fatigue after a videoconference when they had a high sense of connection with others in the group. In a remote meeting, we typically lack the before and after the meeting, so it's much more difficult to form relationships. If you are leading a meeting, consider using breakout rooms to provide opportunities for all attendees to engage, and encourage small-group discussions that are not about work, for just a few minutes.
3. Use mute so you do not worry about distracting others.
We also discovered that muting your microphone can also result in less fatigue after a videoconference in some situations. In general, muting yourself when not talking is helpful for everyone, but it can also help the person who uses mute. This may be because if your microphone is off, then you don't need to worry about your co-workers or clients hearing your dog bark at the mailman, your kids playing in the next room, or other background noise that would disrupt someone else. However, we did find that when someone had a very low sense of belongingness with the group (see point 2 above), being on mute made that person more tired after the meeting. So, while enabling mute can help reduce post-meeting fatigue in general, not using mute (i.e., actively participating) may help compensate for situations where you do not feel a strong sense of belonging with others in the meeting.
The bottom line: Do what you can to feel part of the group and help create a sense of community for others too. And maybe stop scheduling those end-of-day meetings.
Andrew A. Bennett, Emily D. Campion and Sheila K. Keener are assistant professors of management in the Strome College of Business at 麻豆国产AV. Kathleen R. Keeler is an assistant professor of management and human resources at the Max M. Fisher College of Business at The Ohio State University.